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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 parts, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the construction itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are made from earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To construct their nests, termites primarily utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are observable, as many nests in tropical forests are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial decay in the gut of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is known as polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort multiple nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests seem to be frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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For example, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is little enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and is used as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive forms, like the ones of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday advice sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that start from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a period of high humidity, these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and permit workers to accumulate food sources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 These passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable source of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall that protects them from the environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant here are the findings damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.